Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah Dasar Kontekstual Berorientasi Pengembangan Karakter Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa

I MADE YOGA WICAKSANA ., Prof. Dr.I Nengah Suparta,M.Si ., Prof. Dr.I Gusti Putu Suharta,M.Si .

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh perangkat pembelajaran matematika kontekstual yang berorientasi pengembangan karakter yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas IV SD Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja sebagai subjek penelitian. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berupa buku siswa dan buku petunjuk guru. Buku siswa yang dimaksud adalah buku matematika yang merupakan bagian dari buku tematik siswa. Penyajian materi secara kontekstual dan disesuaikan dengan budaya lokal siswa. Buku petunjuk guru mempunyai komponen-komponen berupa petunjuk penggunaan buku, persiapan mengajar, dan sajian bahan ajar serta tindak lanjut berupa pekerjaan rumah dan penekanan nilai karakter. Validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas dari perangkat pembelajaran didasarkan atas pendapat validator, respons guru dan siswa, serta hasil penelitian pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut mengikuti prosedur penelitian desain dari Plomp yang meliputi fase penelitian awal, fase prototipe, dan fase assesment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas yang diharapkan. Hasil dari penelitian menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar matematika yang meliputi aspek kognitif dan afektif. Karakteristik pembelajaran dengan menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut antara lain : (1) pembelajaran dikaitkan dengan fenomena yang terjadi di sekitar siswa, masalah riil, dan budaya lokal siswa; (2) memberikan penekanan karakter, kebebasan berpendapat, dan saling menghargai; (3) meningkatkan interaksi sosial dan rasa percaya diri siswa. Kemudian karakteristik pada buku siswa antara lain : (1) terdapat cerita atau bacaan mengenai budaya Bali yang mampu membantu mengembangkan nilai-nilai karakter pada siswa; (2) kegiatan pembelajaran mengarahkan siswa untuk berpikir kritis dan kreatif; (3) latihan soal dan masalah-masalah riil yang memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk memikirkan berbagai alternatif solusi dalam pemecahan masalah; (4) pemberian penugasan belajar di rumah dengan melibatkan peran orang tua; (5) memberikan variasi dalam pembelajaran. Sedangkan buku petunjuk guru memiliki karakteristik : (1) praktis dalam penggunaan; (2) menggunakan bahasa yang jelas, logis, dan sistematis; (3) membantu guru memberikan penekanan nilai karakter sesuai dengan budaya lokal dan tema yang sedang dibahas; (4) terdapat petunjuk pemberian pengayaan dan remedial kepada siswa serta panduan pemberian penilaian sikap di kelas.
Kata Kunci : perangkat pembelajaran matematika, kontekstual, pengembangan karakter, motivasi belajar matematika, hasil belajar matematika


This study was aimed at obtaining contextual mathematics teaching learning devices oriented to characters development which were valid, practical, and effective. The subjects of this research were the fourth grade students of SD Laboratory Undiksha Singaraja. In this study, the developed teaching learning devices consisted of student’s book and teacher’s guidance book. The student’s book was a mathematics book which constituted as a part of the student’s thematic book. The presentation of the materials were contextually presented and adapted with the students’ local culture. Teacher’s guidance book had components such as instructions for using the book, teaching preparation, and presentation of teaching materials as well as a follow-up homework and emphasis of character values. Validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the teaching learning devices based on the opinion of validators, response of teachers and students, as well as the results of the research on the development of the teaching learning devices. The development of the teaching learning devices along with the research design’s procedures from Plomp includes the following phases preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. The results showed that the developed teaching learning devices had been fulfilling the expected criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The results of the study using this teaching learning devices showed an improvement of mathematics learning motivation and learning outcomes (cognitive and affective) of the students. The characteristics of learning process in this study include (1) learning process which is associated with phenomena that occur around students, real problem, and students’ local culture; (2) emphasizing characters, freedom in giving opinion, and appreciating each other; (3) improving students’ social interaction and confidence. The characteristics of student’s book include: (1) a story or reading about Balinese culture in student’s book is able to help develop students’ character; (2) learning activities guiding students to think critically and creatively; (3) exercises and real problems that give students the opportunity to think about alternative solutions to solving problems; (4) assignment to be accomplished by involving parents participation at home; (5) provide variations in the learning. Whereas characteristics of teacher’s guiding book include: (1) practical usage; (2) using clear, logic, and systematic explanation; (3) helping teachers to emphasize values based on local culture and elaborated themes; and (4) provision of enrichment and remedial instruction to students as well as the provision of guidelines the assessment in the classroom.
keyword : mathematics learning device, contextual, character development, mathematics learning motivation, mathematics learning outcomes

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jppm.v3i1.1420

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