Pengembangan Desain Pembelajaran Berbantuan Pertanyaan What-If dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Menangani Masalah Matematika Terbuka
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan teori pembelajaran lokal untuk materi luas daerah lingkaran. Penelitian menitikberatkan pada peningkatan kemampuan siswa menangani masalah matematika terbuka. Sebagai bantuan, dalam pembelajaran disertai pertanyaan what-if untuk mengembangkan pemikiran siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode design research dengan tiga tahapan yang meliputi penelitian awal, implementasi dan analisis retrospektif. Aktivitas pembelajaran disusun berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip masalah matematika terbuka. Implementasi pembelajaran dilakukan di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Data terkait dengan aktivitas dan strategi yang digunakan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan selama pembelajaran berlangsung dikumpulkan melalui jawaban tertulis siswa di LKS, hasil post-test, wawancara dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Lintasan pembelajaran dari penelitian desain ini memiliki tahapan sebagai berikut: (1) menghitung luas daerah gambar danau menggunakan kertas berpetak, (2) menghitung luas daerah lingkaran menggunakan kertas berpetak, (3) menemukan kembali nilai π dan rumus luas daerah lingkaran, (4) menyelesaikan berbagai masalah matematika terbuka. Temuan yang diperoleh peneliti adalah bahwa pada awalnya siswa mengalami kesulitan menemukan metode lain dalam menghitung luas daerah lingkaran menggunakan kertas berpetak. Hal lainnya adalah bahwa banyak terdapat variasi dari jawaban siswa yang tidak diprediksi sebelumnya. Hal ini mencirikan berkembangnya pemikiran kritis, kreatif, maupun divergen siswa. Siswa sudah mampu melakukan reasoning dengan baik meskipun masih ada yang kurang efektif. Pemahaman siswa pada masalah matematika terbuka meningkat. Peneliti mementingkan aspek keterhubungan dan realitas sajian dalam lintasan pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci : Luas Daerah Lingkaran, Masalah matematika terbuka, Pertanyaan What-if, Design Research, Teori Pembelajaran Lokal
The purpose of the study was to obtain a local instructional trajectory for the area of the circle materials. The focus of the study was on the improvement of students’ ability on solving open-ended problems. As supports, the what-if type questions are used to developed student thinking ability. Design research was deliberately chosen as the method of the present study, with three following steps: (1) preliminary research, teaching implementation and retrospective analysis. The teaching implementation was carried out at Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja Academic Year 2015/2016. The data related to student’ activities and strategies that students used to solve the given problems during learning processes were collected through students’ written works in the worksheets, result of post-test, interviews, and observations. The gathered data were analysed descriptively. Learning trajectory of this research has four steps: (1) counting the area of lake pictures using grid paper, (2) counting the area of the circle using grid paper, (2) refinding π and the area of the circle formula, and (4) solving open-ended problems. From the research we found that in the beginning students are difficult to find another method when counting the area of the circle using grid paper. The other finding show that there are many variation in students’ answer. The students was capable to do reasoning although there are the reasoning that not effective. Students’ understanding in open-ended problems was increased. Researcher put important point in conecctivity and object reality in learning trajectory.
keyword : Area of The Circle, Open-Ended Problems, What-if Questions, Design Research, Local Instructional Theory
Kata Kunci : Luas Daerah Lingkaran, Masalah matematika terbuka, Pertanyaan What-if, Design Research, Teori Pembelajaran Lokal
The purpose of the study was to obtain a local instructional trajectory for the area of the circle materials. The focus of the study was on the improvement of students’ ability on solving open-ended problems. As supports, the what-if type questions are used to developed student thinking ability. Design research was deliberately chosen as the method of the present study, with three following steps: (1) preliminary research, teaching implementation and retrospective analysis. The teaching implementation was carried out at Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja Academic Year 2015/2016. The data related to student’ activities and strategies that students used to solve the given problems during learning processes were collected through students’ written works in the worksheets, result of post-test, interviews, and observations. The gathered data were analysed descriptively. Learning trajectory of this research has four steps: (1) counting the area of lake pictures using grid paper, (2) counting the area of the circle using grid paper, (2) refinding π and the area of the circle formula, and (4) solving open-ended problems. From the research we found that in the beginning students are difficult to find another method when counting the area of the circle using grid paper. The other finding show that there are many variation in students’ answer. The students was capable to do reasoning although there are the reasoning that not effective. Students’ understanding in open-ended problems was increased. Researcher put important point in conecctivity and object reality in learning trajectory.
keyword : Area of The Circle, Open-Ended Problems, What-if Questions, Design Research, Local Instructional Theory
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jppm.v5i1.2131
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