An Analysis of Speech Act used by Male and Female Students in Teaching Learning English at Primary Level of Universal School Denpasar
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa (1) jenis-jenis tindak tutur yang dihasilkan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan di sekolah Universal dan (2) fungsi tindak tutur yang dihasilkan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan di sekolah Universal. Di sini, teori Searle (1979) digunakan sebagai teori pokok dalam menganalisa jenis-jenis tindak tutur dan teori Leech (1983) untuk fungsi tindak tutur. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 16 yang terdiri dari 8 siswa laki-laki dan 8 perempuan. Untuk memperoleh data, ada tiga metode yang digunakan, yaitu: pengamatan, merekam dan mencatat. Sementara ada tiga instrumen yang digunakan yaitu, peneliti sendiri, lembar pengamatan dan perekam video. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptive kualitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua temuan sesuai tujuan penelitian. pertama, jenis speech act yang sering dihasilkan adalah direktif, yang diikuti oleh representatif, komisif, ekspresif dan deklarasi. Secara spesifik, (1) perempuan lebih banyak menghasilkan direktif daripada laki-laki, (2) perempuan lebih banyak menghasilkan asertif daripada laki-laki, (3) perempuan lebih banyak menghasilkan komisif daripada laki-laki, (4) perempuan lebih banyak menghasilkan ekspresif daripada laki-laki dan (5) baik laki-laki maupun perempuan tidak menghasilkan deklarasi dalam berkomunikasi. Kedua, anak laki-laki dan perempuan paling banyak menggunakan tindak tutur dengan fungsi kompetitif, disusul fungsi kolaboratif, fungsi keramahtamahan, dan fungsi konfliktif. Secara spesifik, (1) perempuan lebih sering menggunakan tindak tutur sebagai fungsi kompetitif daripada laki-laki, (2) perempuan lebih sering menggunakan tindak tutur sebagai fungsi kolaboratif daripada laki-laki, (3) perempuan lebih sering menggunakan tindak tutur sebagai fungsi keramahtamahan daripada laki-laki dan (4) laki-laki lebih sering menggunakan tindak tutur sebagai fungsi konfliktif daripada perempuan.
Kata Kunci : jenis tindak tutur, fungsi tindak tutur, gender
This study aimed at describing and analyzing the types of speech act produced by male and female students and the functions of speech act produced by male and female students in Universal School Denpasar. Here, theory of Searle (1979) is used as the grand theory for analysis of speech act type and Leech (1983) is used for the function of speech act. The research was conducted at Universal School Denpasar. The subjects of the research are 16 students consisting of 8 male students and 8 female students. To obtained the intended data, three methods were used, namely: observation, recording, and note taking. There are three instruments used, namely: researcher, observation sheet and video recorder. The data obtained were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. This research discovers two findings as the aims of this research. First, the most frequent speech act types used by male and female children is directive, which are followed by representative, commisive, expressive, and declaration. Specifically, (1) female uses more directive than male, (2) female uses more representative than male, (3) female uses more commisive than male, (4) female uses more expressive than male, and (5) both male and female do not use declaration in their communication. Second, male and female children mostly create speech act for the competitive function, which are followed by collaborative function, convivial function, and conflictive function. Specifically, (1) female uses more speech act than male for competitive function, (2) female uses more speech act than male for collaborative function, (3) female uses more speech act than male for convivial function, and (4) male uses more speech act than female for conflictive function.
keyword : type of speech acts, function of speech act, gender
Kata Kunci : jenis tindak tutur, fungsi tindak tutur, gender
This study aimed at describing and analyzing the types of speech act produced by male and female students and the functions of speech act produced by male and female students in Universal School Denpasar. Here, theory of Searle (1979) is used as the grand theory for analysis of speech act type and Leech (1983) is used for the function of speech act. The research was conducted at Universal School Denpasar. The subjects of the research are 16 students consisting of 8 male students and 8 female students. To obtained the intended data, three methods were used, namely: observation, recording, and note taking. There are three instruments used, namely: researcher, observation sheet and video recorder. The data obtained were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. This research discovers two findings as the aims of this research. First, the most frequent speech act types used by male and female children is directive, which are followed by representative, commisive, expressive, and declaration. Specifically, (1) female uses more directive than male, (2) female uses more representative than male, (3) female uses more commisive than male, (4) female uses more expressive than male, and (5) both male and female do not use declaration in their communication. Second, male and female children mostly create speech act for the competitive function, which are followed by collaborative function, convivial function, and conflictive function. Specifically, (1) female uses more speech act than male for competitive function, (2) female uses more speech act than male for collaborative function, (3) female uses more speech act than male for convivial function, and (4) male uses more speech act than female for conflictive function.
keyword : type of speech acts, function of speech act, gender
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