PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI OPEN-ENDED PROBLEM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH DENGAN PENGENDALIAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN ABSTRAK

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh open-ended problem terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan pengendalian kemampuan penalaran abstrak. Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen pada siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Banjar Jawa tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 dengan populasi sebanyak 81 orang (tiga kelas) dengan tingkat kemampuan setara. Penetapan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling terhadap kelas dengan jumlah dua kelas (52 siswa). Data kemampuan pemecahan masalah diperoleh dengan tes uraian dan data kemampuan penalaran abstrak dikumpulkan dengan tes kemampuan penalaran abstrak berupa pilihan ganda. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif, ANAVA, dan ANAKOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang signifikan antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan open-ended problem dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan closed-ended problem, (2) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang signifikan antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan open-ended problem dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan closed-ended problem setelah kemampuan penalaran abstrak dikendalikan, dan (3) kontribusi kemampuan penalaran abstrak terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah sebesar 72%.
Kata Kunci : open-ended problem, pemecahan masalah, dan penalaran abstrak

This study aimed at discovering the effect of the implementation of open-ended problem in mathematics learning on problem solving ability by controlling abstract reasoning ability. The study was a quasi-experiment subjected to the fifth year students of SD N 3 Banjar Jawa in the Academic Year 2013/2014. The population were 81 students (3 classes) with equal ability. The samples of the study were selected using random sampling which resulted in two classes (52) students. The problem solving data were collected by essay type test and the data for abstract reasoning ability were collected by multiple choice type test. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistic, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The result of the study showed that: (1) there was a significant difference in problem solving ability between the students who were taught using open-ended problem and those who were taught using closed-ended problem, (2) there was a significant difference in problem solving ability between the students who were taught using open-ended problem and those who were taught using closed-ended problem after the abstract reasoning being controlled, and (3) the contribution of abstract reasoning toward problem solving ability was 72%.
keyword : abstract reasoning, open-ended problem, and problem solving