An Analysis of Reinforcement Strategies Used by Male and Female Teachers in Classroom Management at TK Model Negeri Mataram in Academic year of 2011/2012
Abstract
Reinforcement merupakan salah satu aspek dari managemen kelas dipandang berguna dalam meningkatkan motivasi siswa. Oleh karena itu, guru yang terampil diharapkan efektif dalam menerapkan reinforcement. Dapat diprediksikan bahwa perbedaan – perbedaan yang dimiliki guru dan siswa akan mempengaruhi implementasi reinforcement dalam proses belajar mengajar di dalam kelas. Perbedaan gender adalah salah satunya. Adapun yang menjadi konsentrasi penelitian ini telah diplih dua subyek yaitu seorang guru pria dan seorang guru wanita di TK Model Negeri Mataram. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah reinforcement yang digunakan oleh para guru yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan teori Arend. Data didapatkan dengan cara melakukan observasi dan interview. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik itu guru pria dan wanita melakukan jenis reinforcement yang sama; yaitu sama-sama menerapkan praise (pujian) dan negative reinforcement. Guru wanita terlihat lebih sering and lebih efektif dalam menerapkan jenis – jenis reinforcement tersebut. Guru pria dan wanita cenderung memberikan reinforcement kepada siswa yang terlihat aktif di dalam kelas tanpa memperhatikan perbedaan gender siswa. Sebagai respon siswa terhadap reinforcement yang diberikan guru, akan memberikan reaksi berupa senyuman dan menjadi lebih aktif dalam mengikuti pelajaran. Namun, pada kasus-kasus tertentu, siwa laki-laki tidak menunjukkan respon, khususnya ketika mendapatkan hukuman dalam bentuk penguranagan nilai dan ancaman tertentu
Kata Kunci : Reinforcement, Gender, Perbedaan Gender
Reinforcements, which belong to the aspect of classroom management, is assumed to be useful in raising students’ motivation to study. Therefore, the skillful teacher is also expected to be effective in using reinforcements. It is predicted that teachers’ and students’ diversities influence the implementation of reinforcements in the process of teaching and learning in classroom. Gender is one of the diversities. For the concern of the study, there were two subjects chosen, male and female teachers at TK Model Negeri Mataram. The data about reinforcements used by the teachers were then classified based on Arend’ theory. The data was collected through observation and interview. The findings showed that both teachers were the same in using the kinds of reinforcement; they only applied praise and negative reinforcements. Female teacher seemed to be more often and more effective in applying the kinds of reinforcement than the male teacher did. Male and female teachers tended to reinforce the students who were active in the classroom without regarding the students’ gender. In responding to the reinforcements given, most students responded by smiling and becoming more active in following the next lesson. But, in certain cases, male students showed no responses, particularly when they received negative reinforcement in term of point reducing and withdrawing certain image that they had
keyword : Reinforcement, Gender, Gender Diversities
Kata Kunci : Reinforcement, Gender, Perbedaan Gender
Reinforcements, which belong to the aspect of classroom management, is assumed to be useful in raising students’ motivation to study. Therefore, the skillful teacher is also expected to be effective in using reinforcements. It is predicted that teachers’ and students’ diversities influence the implementation of reinforcements in the process of teaching and learning in classroom. Gender is one of the diversities. For the concern of the study, there were two subjects chosen, male and female teachers at TK Model Negeri Mataram. The data about reinforcements used by the teachers were then classified based on Arend’ theory. The data was collected through observation and interview. The findings showed that both teachers were the same in using the kinds of reinforcement; they only applied praise and negative reinforcements. Female teacher seemed to be more often and more effective in applying the kinds of reinforcement than the male teacher did. Male and female teachers tended to reinforce the students who were active in the classroom without regarding the students’ gender. In responding to the reinforcements given, most students responded by smiling and becoming more active in following the next lesson. But, in certain cases, male students showed no responses, particularly when they received negative reinforcement in term of point reducing and withdrawing certain image that they had
keyword : Reinforcement, Gender, Gender Diversities
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