ANALISIS STRUKTURALISME GENETIS KUMPULAN CERITA PENDEK ANGIN MALAM KARYA NGURAH PARSUA

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) genetis kumpulan cerpen Angin Malam karya Ngurah Parsua yang secara khusus mendeskripsikan genetis dari segi (a) tematis, (b) tokoh dan perwatakan, (c) latar, dan (d) sudut pandang, (2) mendeskripsikan proses kreatif pengarang dalam penciptaan buku ter-sebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan model strukturalisme genetis oleh Goldmann yang meliputi fakta kemanusiaan, subjek kolektif, pandangan dunia, struktur in-trinsik cerita. Keseluruhan unsur tersebut dihubungkan secara dialektik sehingga dapat menjawab masa-lah penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Melalui analisis model strukturalisme genetis didapatkan genetis kumpulan cerpen Angin Malam karya Ngurah Parsua yang secara khusus dapat dijabarkan, yakni (1) genetis dari segi tematis adalah pengarang menampilkan potret kehidupan masyarakat Bali dengan menyungsung konsep Tri Hita Karana, (2) secara genetis tokoh dan perwatakan sesuai dengan kisah nyata dan pandangan pengarang, (3) secara genetis latar tempat beberapa cerita berdasarkan kisah nyata yang dijadikan karya fiksi, (4) secara genetis sudut pandang orang pertama digunakan karena pengarang memosikan diri sebagai orang Bali yang peduli terhadap pendatang, percaya terhadap firasat, dan sebagai dirinya sewaktu kecil saat melaksanakan piodalan, sedangkan sudut pandang diaan terbatas digunakan untuk menampilkan pandangan tokoh kepada pembaca. Proses kreatif pengarang dalam penciptaan kumpulan cerpen Angin Malam diawali pada tahun 1970-an Ngurah Parsua aktif menulis cerita pendek. Hingga Pada tahun 2008 Ngurah Parsua berhasil mengumpulkan dua puluh cerpen yang memiliki kesamaan tema yakni budaya Bali dengan segala aktivitas masyarakatnya. Pemilihan judul buku tersebut dikarenakan judul yang universal, tetapi mengandung cerminan budaya Bali yang menarik. Peneliti merekomendasikan hasil penelitian ini kepada pengarang dan pembaca karya sastra agar menjadikan penelitian ini sebagai penambah wawasan, se-hingga mampu menjembatani antara struktur cerita dan struktur sosial masyarakat pengarang.
Kata Kunci : STRUKTURALISME GENETIK, CERITA PENDEK, PENGARANG

This study was aimed at describing (1) the genetic in short stories collection entitled Angin Malam written by Ngurah Parsua which specifically describes genetic in terms of (a) theme, (b) character and character-ization, (c) setting, (d) point of view, (2) describing writer's creative process in writing the book. This study was descriptive qualitative study used data analysis of Goldmann's genetic structuralism including humanity fact, collective subject, world's view, story's structure. The whole factors were connected dia-lectically so that it can answer the problems of the study. The data collection was documentation and interview. The data was analyzed using Miles and Huberman model. The result of this study showed that the genetic of the Angin Malam short stories collection written by Ngurah Parsua was analyzed through genetic structuralism analysis model. Specifically, the genetic of the book can be explained as follow. (1) the theme of genetic was about the writer who showed the life of Balinese in the concept of Tri Hita Karana, (2) genetically, the character and characterization were suitable with the real phenomenon and writer's point of view, (3) genetically, the setting of some stories was based on the real story which was written into fiction story, (4) genetically, first person point of view was used because the writer played role as Balinese who cared of the new comers, believed in foreboding, and as himself when he was child while conducting ceremony, whereas third person point of view was used to show character's view to-ward the readers. The writer's creative process in the book entitled Angin Malam beginning in the 1970s Ngurah Parsua active write short stories. Until In 2008 Ngurah Parsua managed to collect twenty short stories have a common theme of the culture of Bali with all the activities of society.The choice of the title was because of the universal title, but consisted of the reflection of interesting Balinese culture. The researcher recommended the result of the study to the writer and the reader so this study could be the additional concept which could bridge the structure of the story and the social structure of writer society.
keyword : GENETIC STRUCTURALISM, SHORT STORY, WRITER