AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN CLASSROOM CONVERSATION AT SMP GANESHA DENPASAR
Abstract
Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisa, menggambarkan dan menjelaskan macam – macam pematuhan dan pelanggaran maksim dari Grice dan seberapa sopan dan tidak sopan yang ditunjukan dalam interaksi kelas yang dihasilkan oleh siswa. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 9 dari SMP Ganesha Denpasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sebagai model penelitian. Data diambil melalui observasi dan dianalisa menggunakan teori Prinsip Kerjasama dari Paul Grice (1975). Penelitian ini hanya fokus menganalisa ujaran siswa saat mereka berbicara dengan guru. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa siswa mematuhi sebagian besar Prinsip Kerjasama, yaitu, maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas dan maksim hubungan dalam bagian tertentu di dalam proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini juga menemukan pelanggaran dari semua maksim yang dihasilkan oleh siswa di ruang kelas. Selanjutnya, juga ditemukan siswa mematuhi maksim (65,3%) lebih banyak daripada pelanggarannya (34,7%) dalam interaksi kelas. Penelitian ini juga menunjukan siswa menunjukan kesopanan dalam interaksinya dengan guru. Kebanyakan siswa dianggap menunjukan kesopanan negatif, terutama dalam pemberian rasa hormat. Dalam hal ini siswa menggunakan kata penghormatan “Mr.” di dalam ujarannya untuk menunjukan rasa hormat dan kesopanan mereka kepada guru sebagai orang yang lebih tua yang harus dihormati di sekolah.
Kata Kunci : Maksim percakapan, pematuhan maksim, pelanggaran maksim, karakter, kesopanan.
This study focused on analyzing, describing and explaining the types of observance and non-observance of Grice’s maxim and characters represented in classroom interaction in view of politeness and impoliteness. This study only focused on analyzing the students’ utterances when they talked with the teacher. This study used descriptive qualitative method as research design. The subjects were the ninth grade students in SMP Ganesha Denpasar. The data collected through observation and analyzed by using Paul Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle. The study showed that students observe maxims of quantity, quality and relevance when they answer and asked question or giving opinion. The study found the violation of all Grice’s maxim produced by students. In this case, the student give less or more information, wrong information or lack of evidence, irrelevant, unclear and ambiguous meaning.Furthermore, it was found the students obeyed maxim (65.3%) is more than the violation (34.7%). The study also showed that when the students indicated to obey conversational maxim, they represent honesty, confident, curiosity and responsibility and showing politeness. The students considered to show Negative Politeness, in giving deference by using the honorifics word “Mr.” in their utterance to show their respect and politeness to the teacher.
keyword : Conversational maxims, obeying maxims, violating maxims, characters represented, politeness.
Kata Kunci : Maksim percakapan, pematuhan maksim, pelanggaran maksim, karakter, kesopanan.
This study focused on analyzing, describing and explaining the types of observance and non-observance of Grice’s maxim and characters represented in classroom interaction in view of politeness and impoliteness. This study only focused on analyzing the students’ utterances when they talked with the teacher. This study used descriptive qualitative method as research design. The subjects were the ninth grade students in SMP Ganesha Denpasar. The data collected through observation and analyzed by using Paul Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle. The study showed that students observe maxims of quantity, quality and relevance when they answer and asked question or giving opinion. The study found the violation of all Grice’s maxim produced by students. In this case, the student give less or more information, wrong information or lack of evidence, irrelevant, unclear and ambiguous meaning.Furthermore, it was found the students obeyed maxim (65.3%) is more than the violation (34.7%). The study also showed that when the students indicated to obey conversational maxim, they represent honesty, confident, curiosity and responsibility and showing politeness. The students considered to show Negative Politeness, in giving deference by using the honorifics word “Mr.” in their utterance to show their respect and politeness to the teacher.
keyword : Conversational maxims, obeying maxims, violating maxims, characters represented, politeness.
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