Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Kaum Migran dalam Surat Kabar Jawa Pos dan Kompas serta Efeknya bagi Pembaca

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsikan framing pemberitaan kaum migran dalam surat kabar Jawa Pos dan Kompas dan (2) mendeskripsikan efek framing bagi pembaca surat kabar tersebut. Subjek penelitian ini menggunakan berita seputar kaum migran yang dimuat Jawa Pos dan Kompas sejak Mei hingga Oktober 2015 serta para narasumber (pelanggan harian tersebut) yang diwawancarai. Sementara itu, objek penelitian ini adalah framing pemberitaan kaum migran dalam harian Jawa Pos dan Kompas serta efek framing bagi pembaca kedua media tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi dan metode wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunaan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang meliputi reduksi data (penyaringan berita yang tidak representatif terhadap tujuan penelitian), penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) berita-berita kaum migran dalam Jawa Pos dan Kompas mengandung strategi framing dilihat dari unsur: (a) struktur sintaksis, meliputi unit headline; lead; latar informasi; dan kutipan sumber; (b) struktur skrip, meliputi unsur 5W+1H; (c) struktur tematik, meliputi unit detail informasi; koherensi; bentuk kalimat, dan kata ganti; (d) struktur retoris, meliputi unit leksikon, metafora, dan grafis; serta (2) framing memberikan efek bagi pembaca, yaitu memobilisasi massa; menggiring pembaca pada ingatan tertentu; serta membentuk perasaan, pendapat, sikap, dan penawaran solusi dari diri pembaca. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jawa Pos maupun Kompas terbukti benar telah membuat framing dalam pemberitaannya terkait kaum migran melalui struktur sintaksis, skrip, tematik, dan retoris; dan framing memberikan efek bagi para pembaca kedua harian tersebut. Peneliti menyampaikan beberapa saran sebagai berikut: (1) peneliti lain perlu mengadakan penelitian lanjutan terkait strategi atau pendekatan dari model lain yang belum dikaji dalam penelitian ini; (2) peneliti lain dapat melakukan penelitian sejenis pada media lain, baik media cetak atau elektronik, maupun media lokal atau nasional, dan juga terhadap fokus pemberitaan yang lain; (3) akan lebih baik jika penelitian pada masa mendatang dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak dari berbagai lintas ilmu disipliner sehingga analisis dan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bisa lebih akurat, tajam, dan mendalam.
Kata Kunci : framing, efek, berita kaum migran

This study aimed at (1) describe the framing technique in reporting news about migrants in Jawa Pos and Kompas newspaper, and (2) describe the effect of framing technique for readers of Jawa Pos and Kompas newspaper. The subject of the study used the news of migrants which were published in Jawa Pos and Kompas newspaper from May until October 2015, and the sources (the regulars of Jawa Pos and Kompas) who were interviewed. Meanwhile, the object of this study was the framing technique in reporting the news of migrants in Jawa Pos and Kompas newspaper and also the impact of this framing technique for the regulars of these two newspapers. The data were collected by using the documentation method and interview method. The collected data then were analyzed by using a qualitative descriptive analysis technique that includes the reduction of data (filtering news that is not representative of the purpose of the study), data presentation, and drawing the conclusions. The results of this study indicate that (1) the news of migrants in Jawa Pos and Kompas contains strategies of framing which can be seen from elements: (a) the syntax structure, involve the unit of headline; lead; information background; and sources of; (b) the script structure, involve the elements of 5W+1H; (c) the thematic structure, involve the unit of information detail; coherence; sentences form; and the pronoun; (d) the rhetorical structure, involve the lexicon unit; methapora; and graphics; and (2) the framing gives effects to the reader, which is mobilizing the masses or readers; lead the reader to a specific memory; and forming feelings, opinions, attitudes, and the solution offer from the reader. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the Jawa Pos and Kompas have been proved to use the framing technique in reporting the news related to migrants through the structure of the syntax, script, thematic, and rhetorical; and the framing technique surely give effects to the reader of these two newspapers. The researcher expresses some suggestions as follows: (1) other researchers need to conduct an advanced research in regards to the strategies or approaches of the other models that have not been examined in this study; (2) other researchers can conduct similar research on other media, whether printed or electronic media, as well as either the local or national media, and also focus on the other news; (3) it would be better if the future studies conducted by various parties of various cross-disciplinary sciences that the analysis and the obtained study results can be more accurate, sharp and deep.
keyword : framing, effect, news of migrants